Cognitive Theory - 1877 Words

Cognitive – Development Theory Sarah Self Pikes Peak Community College Psychology 235 June 23, 2013 Instructor Routh Cognitive – Development Theory Childhood is an interesting time in a child’s life. It is a time for children to grow, learn, and mature so they are set up for success in adulthood. A child’s brain develops through multiple aspects in their lives such as the television, picture books, and games. Television is a way for children to develop in their age range, because the shows are aimed to help them at the stage their brain is at in development. Piaget concluded that there were four different stages in the cognitive development of children (Edward, Hopgood, Rosenberg, Rush). It brings to question how do†¦show more content†¦Parents are also able to help with conditioning their child to become an acceptable human being. This comes into play with the learning theory- behaviorism which consists of operant conditioning. Responses that we reward, or reinforce, will be learned. Responses that are not reinforced go away or are extinguished (Belsky, 2010). For in stance when a child is acting out you use a punishment, but if they are behaving the way the parents wants them to they reinforce that action. By doing this a child will have the skills to mature into a young adult and later into a grown adult and function in the real life. A parent is a key part in helping a child develop into the person they become later on in life. During this stage that Piaget describes they still cannot see other people’s points of view and think everyone sees from their perspective. This can be important to know when dealing with a child in the age range so you can know how to talk to them or relate to them. Piaget uses an interesting method of using children’s books to help see the development of a child. He realized that we like stories with human characters, or animal characters with decidedly human characteristics, that display a wide range of physical, cognitive, and socioemotional features (Hansen Zambo, 2005). Piaget’s third stage of cognitive-developmental theory is the concrete operations stage which occurs during ages seven through ageShow MoreRelatedCognitive Theory And Jean Piaget Cognitive Development Theory Essay2016 Words   |  9 Pagesgeneral and play a vital fragment of early childhood development. They all accept that cognitive learning is relatively systematic and takes place gradually at a variety of rates. Learning only occurs when experience causes a permanent change in an individual’s knowledge or behaviour (Weatherby-Fell, N. 2013). I am reviewing Burrus Federic Skinner’s behavioural theory and Jean Piaget cognitive development theory. This report style essay will provide an overview of the two theorists, a comparison betweenRead MoreSocial Cognitive Theory618 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Cognitive Theory The social cognitive theory was formed in in 1977 primarily from the work of Albert Bandura, initially developed with the purpose of explaining social behaviors. It emphasize s that â€Å"learning occurs in a social context, and that much of what is learned is gained through observation† (Anderman amp; Anderman, 2009, p. 834). This theory has been applied to a wide spectrum of areas of study such as human functioning as career choice, athletics, organizational behavior, and mentalRead MoreExpectancy Theory And Social Cognitive Theory Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation Theories: Expectancy Theory in Practice and Social Cognitive Theory Expectancy theory in practice In Expectancy theory we focus on the mental processes when considering choice, or choosing. It clarifies what an individual feel while making choices. In the study of organizational behavior, we can see that expectancy theory is a motivation theory, it tells us that employees who are sure in their ability to perform a particular task are motivated by their expectations of the consequencesRead MoreThe Theories Of Cognitive Development1936 Words   |  8 Pagespsychology, cognitive development is the process that allows people to know, understand and think about the world (Feldman, 2012). It studies how children process and gain information at a particular age and how learning mechanisms change and evolve over time. There are many theories among parents, teacher and physicians of how children grow and develop. Piaget, Erikson, Skinner and Vygotsky are all developmental theorists who studied child development. Theorists have their own ideas of cognitive developmentRead MoreThe Theory O f Cognitive Development1752 Words   |  8 Pages(Woolfolk, 1987) schemata can be discrete and specific, or sequential and elaborate. Piaget believed that cognitive development in children is contingent on four factors: biological maturation, experience with the physical environment, experience with the social environment, and equilibration. Equilibration refers to the biological drive to produce an optimal state of equilibrium between people’s cognitive structures and their environment (Duncan, 1995) During each stage of development, people ‘s conductRead MoreCognitive Theory And Behavioral Theory Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive Theory and Behavioral Theory 1. Cognitive Theory Cognitive Theory and/or Development is a subject that is often discussed and/or debated frequently within the psychological community. There is a significant amount of theory into how much development happens naturally and how much is learned from outside sources. This is constantly debated throughout study after study. The common theory is that only a certain amount of cognition can be achieved through a child learning by themselves andRead MorePiaget s Cognitive Theory And Cognitive Development1494 Words   |  6 Pages 1) Examine how Piaget’s cognitive theory can help to explain the child’s behavior. Piaget confirms â€Å"Each cognitive stage represents a fundamentally new psychological reorganization resulting from maturation of new functions and abilities† (as in Greene, 2009, p.144). The case Vignette describes Victors’ stages of development through Piaget’s stages of cognitive development as exhibited behavior that occurred during the sensorimotor, preoperational, as established areas. Victor experienced a normalRead MoreThree Theories of Cognitive Development1674 Words   |  7 PagesThree Theories of Cognitive Development The Swiss psychologist and philosopher Jean Piaget (1896-1980) is well-known for his work towards the cognitive sciences. Arguably one of his most important contributions involves his theory of cognitive development. In this theory, thinking progresses through four distinct stages between infancy and adulthood. Similar in scope to Piaget’s theory is Information Processing, in which human thinking is based on both mental hardware and mental software (KailRead MoreThe Theory Of Cognitive Development1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe study of cognitive development has played an influential role in the field of education by providing teachers with methods of pedagogy that maximise their student’s potential. This essay will address both Piagetian and Vygotskian theories on cognitive development in relation to the given scenario of year eight science students. We will look at how the teacher, Anne, has used relevant aspects of both theories within her classroom as well as any shortcomings of the theories in the class. Upon readingRead MorePiagets Theory of Cognitive Development1075 Words   |  5 PagesPiaget’s Theory of Child Psychological Development There currently exists a great deal of literature based on child developmental psychology from a variety of great psychologists, notably Freud, Erikson, Bowlby, Bandura, Vygotsky, and many others. However, this paper will focus on the theories of Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget, a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher, was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland on August 9, 1896. After working with Alfred Binet in his children’s intelligence tests

Speech African American Communities About The Hypocrisy...

Frederick Douglas wrote this speech to inform not just the African American communities about the hypocrisy of the church; he wanted to inform everyone on how prejudices Christians in the 19 centuries were towards black people. He wanted to enlighten the African Americans who follow Christianism blindly and don’t even realize that were being treated as if they were leapers. While the motto of the church is that everyone is equal in the place of worship and â€Å"love thy neighbor† is Jesus message to his followers. I think Frederic was trying to both inform and persuade the population about how religion played a huge factor in slavery or even was the cause of it. Religion, the church to be exact was really prejudiced toward the African American people and now they are the most loyal followers. To not believe in Jesus in black family is to be the devil child and be an outcast. I know this because now that I am learning the truth about religion Christianism I am having my doubts and questions. If I was in the audience during the time of the speech I would have been on his side and I would have look at the church differently. In his speech Frederick talk about how the white people of the 19th century were prejudiced against the black people of America. Black people were never equal not even in the place of worship. Which was very ironic, the church is all about equality. Frederic talked about going to a church and whites and black were separate, whites were inside and the black wereShow MoreRelatedSweat By Zora Neale Hurston Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesIn her short story â€Å"Sweat†, Zora Neale Hurston details the troubled lives of a married African American couple in the deep south. Born and raised in Florida herself, Huston had an excellent perspective on the culture of that time and area. She no doubt saw the situations and heard the strong dialect that she presents in the short story, in which Sykes constantly beats and demeans his wife Delia, who keeps her retorts minimal as to not provoke him further. Sykes is openly dating another woman,Read MoreAmerica Is A Birthing Ground For Relig ion1708 Words   |  7 PagesHistorically, American history has been about the diaspora not so much the historical footprint and legacy. Wars have broken out and riots have been caused over that idea alone. That is what makes this country so unique; standing for diversity and intervention for the greater good time and time again. But one thing has persevered since the beginning of this great nation, and that is religion. America is a birthing ground for religion and has provided the safety needed to practice religion in suchRead MorePolitical Legitimacy As Viewed By Thomas Hobbes Vs. Malcolm X1586 Words   |  7 PagesWhereas political legitimacy is nonexistent in the state of nature, it is used in a social contract to ensure self-preservation. On the other hand, in his speech â€Å"Ballot or the Bullet,† Malcolm X challenged the political legitimacy of the government government in America, where authority is granted by citizens through democracy. He criticized the hypocrisy of America treatment of blacks as â€Å"second class citizens† equating the treatment to â€Å"20th century slavery.† In spite of the proclamation that all menRead MoreDouglass Example 31562 Words   |  7 Pagesthe slave trade, it is estimated that the slaves brought to the Americas from Africa about 12 million to 30 million. The African continent as a whole due to loss of the population of the slave trade, at least more than 100 million people , equivalent to 1800 the total number of the population in Africa.    5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did Southerners treat their slaves well?  Ã‚  They loved to sing.  Ã‚  What was Douglass’ perception about the songs?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The  southern slaveholders treated their slaves no good.  Ã‚  SlavesRead MoreAll Men Are Created By Thomas Jefferson2254 Words   |  10 Pagesthe line, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† Many Americans today still base theories of American Exceptionalism on this idea of liberty and equality for â€Å"all men†, but a look back at United States history show that political and social policy hasn’t always reflect this sentiment. The main problem with the statement is theRead MoreAfrican American Leaders Post- Reconstruction Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages In 1854 Abraham Lincoln gave his Peoria, Kansas speech opposing slavery stating the Kansas Act had a declared indifference, but as I must think, a covert real zeal for the spread of slavery, I cannot but hate it. I hate it because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I hate it because† it deprives our republican example of its just influence in the world†. Abraham Lincoln became the sixteenth President of the United States in 1861. Growing up in non-slave territories as a child and disapprovingRead MoreThe United States Of America1603 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneration, I believe it is safe to say many of us have seen a lot of selfish and outrageous acts develop drastically. From white cops killing innocent black citizens, to people supporting the evil Donald Trump, to ostracizing ourselves from the LGBT community and looking down upon them, it is quite obvious that the saying â€Å"America: the greatest country in the world† isn’t so accurate. We are naà ¯ve to the destruction that occurs daily and have a habit of sugarcoating our mistakes. The matter of the truthRead MoreDr Martin Luther King Jrs Influence on the Social and Political Culture of the Country2658 Words   |  11 PagesFew Americans have had as tremendous an influence on the social and political culture of the country as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Kings most formative writings and sermons dated from when he was just a teenager in seminary school (Kuruvila, 2007). Kings character was formed within the forge of the Christian faith. It was from a firm bedrock in Christianity that Kings concepts of morality and spiritual justice sprouted. However, Kings political and social activism also bore roots in the richRead MoreDouglass Example Essay1877 Words   |  8 Pagesdiminished humanity?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  400 years of the slave trade, but estimates of slaves brought to America Africa about 12 million to 30 million. Africa continent as a whole, the slave trade population loss, at least about 100 million people, equivalent to 1800s of the total population Africa.    5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did Southerners treat their slaves well?  Ã‚  They loved to sing.  Ã‚  What was Douglass’  perception about the songs?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Southern  slave owners treated their slaves no good. Most of the slaves worked in theRead MoreHow Did Religion Influence Martin Luther King, Jr as He Led the Civil Rights Movement2455 Words   |  10 Pagesconsidered one of the most influential leaders of our time. Martin Luther King Jr was born January 15, 1929 to the name of Michael Luther King Jr, in Atlanta, Georgia. King came from a comfortable middle class family living on the street known as â€Å"African American wall street† for the first twelve years of his life. The first time he ever experienced a form of prejudice was at the age of six when one of his Caucasian playmates told him that his parents stated they could no longer be friends. One particular

Enviromental Science free essay sample

As you watch this movie, answer the following questions IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Keep answers brief and concise. (Note: You do not need to use all of the space provided for each question) 1. Questions on Earth’s History: (a) What were three characteristics of the early Earth? 1) Conserve water in perfect forms 2) Molten rocks 3) Atmosphere lacking with oxygen (b) What are cyanobacteria and why are they important to the history of life on Earth? Cyanobacteria are single celled organisms that are referred as â€Å"blue – green algae†. They can be found in colonial and filamentous forms. Cyanobacteria specialized for nitro fixation are called heterocyst, which obtain their energy through photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria increases the oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. Cyanobacteria is important to the history of life on earth because it produced atmospheric oxygen. (c) What is meant by â€Å"the engine of life is linkage†? Why is this important? â€Å"The engine of life is linkage† means that everything is linked in one technique or another. Each method must be followed by another, nothing is self-sufficient. An example of this would be the hydrologic cycle, in order for condensation to arise; the water must complete evaporation and so on. This is important because from the presence of one being, another existence is formed. Likewise without this linkage life would not be possible. (d) What is the major source of oxygen on Earth today? The major source of oxygen on Earth comes from plants in the ecosystem. Plants take in carbon monoxide and gives off carbon dioxide. Without any plants on Earth, the oxygen would sooner or later run out. 2. Questions on Human History: (a) Where do most humans live today? On the continent coastlines or the banks of rivers _ (b) There are still subsistence cultures today that have lived in the same way for 6000 years. What is their main asset to ensure survival? Agriculture (c) What was the first major revolution in human history and why was it so important to humans? The first major revolution in human history was agriculture. Agriculture was very important to humans because it caused in the first excesses of food, as well as giving birth to society. Agriculture was essential of survival for humanity. Nevertheless agriculture leads to alter from hunter-gatherers to a more adequate agricultural way of living. (d) Why are fossil fuels (like coal, gas and oil) referred to as â€Å"pockets of sunlight†? Feeds human toil on the land. With oil, began the era of humans that break free from the chains of time. (e) What are the two main uses for the grain crops grown in the industrialized countries like the United States? 1) Biofuel 2) Transformed to livestock feed (f) How much water is currently used annually in agriculture? 70% of water is used in the world today for agriculture (g) How much water is used to produce 1 kilogram of rice? _4000 L or 1 kilogram of beef ? _13000 L_ (h) In addition to energy obtained from fossil fuels, what are two different products that are made by from the petrochemical industry? 1) Pesticides 2) Fertilizers (i) Modern agriculture has led to the loss of crop diversity. Why? Modern agriculture is the developments that increase and improve the value of production. Now a day there is little demand for animal fat. 3. Questions on Environmental Impacts: (a) What are four distinct examples of how humans have disrupted the balance of life on Earth? 1) The â€Å"concentration camp style cattle farms. † Manufacturing meat faster than the animal 2) Agriculture has become oil powered 3) Using too much energy 4) Automobile has become the symbol of comfort and progress (b) When considering the use of minerals mined from the earth, what percentage is used by the richest countries that have about 20% of the world’s population? 80% (c) What is ‘fossil water’? Fossil water is groundwater that has stayed sealed in an aquifer for a long time. Water can respite underground for millions of years. When changes are made in the nearby geology seal the aquifer off from further refilling from rain, the water becomes locked inside and is known as fossil water. Fossil water is a non –renewable resource. (d) What country is at most risk for water shortages in future and why? India is at most risk for water shortage in the future because the underground water reserves are reducing due to over population. (e) The rainforests of Borneo have been destroyed to provide land for growing palm trees which has led to loss of biodiversity. What products use the oil produce from these trees? 1) food 2) cosmetics 3) Detergent 4) Alternative fuels (f) What are two factors that have been suggested to account for the disappearance of the Rapa Nui civilization from Easter Island? 1) exploited their resources 2) garbage piles (g) What are three indications of climate change and global warming in the past 50 years? 1) Melting of the differentiated ice caps 2) Growth in the occurrences of wildfire 3) Decrease of coral reefs 4. Questions on the Future: (a) How long do we have to reverse the current trends affecting the environment? 10 years (b) What are three examples of positive change that suggest reason for hope that changes can be made? 1) Individuals are preliminary to live in environmentally maintainable houses 2) Wind farms are built in Denmark and provide 20% the country’s electricity 3) People are using solar power more than they did before 5. Questions on the Movie â€Å"Home†: (a) What do you think is the ‘main message’ of this movie? The main message of the movie â€Å"Home† is to remind humans that there is interdependence between one another. (b) What is your reaction to this movie? What did you like about it? What did you dislike about it? Would you recommend it to other students / friends / acquaintances? Why or why not? (Note: you do not need to use all the space provided – be brief and concise whenever possible) The movie â€Å"Home† was a great movie to gain knowledge on why the Earth is the way it is, how humans have affected the world and what is happening to the Earth around us. I like how the movie gave a lot of information about how the planet is being affected by our actions. I did not like how the movie was so long and it had way too many information. If the movie had more writings or diagrams here and there it would have made this movie a lot more knowledgeable. Yes, I would recommend this movie to other students to gain more knowledge about the planet. Part 2: QUESTIONS ON ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS 6. Based on information in the textbook Withgott et al. 2013 (2nd Canadian Edition) Chapter 1 (pages 20-21) and on the websites suggested and your own research – answer the following questions. (a) What is an Ecological Footprint? Ecological footprint is the impact of a person or community on the environment. It is expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources. Ecological Footprint is used to measure how big the species of humans are compared to the biosphere. (b) Why is the Ecological Footprint useful? The ecological footprint is useful because it’s like a utensil, it tells us how several resources we have on the planet which recycle and renew themselves, and how much we have used up. The ecological footprint then lets us to see to what range we are living within the notice to what nature offers us. (c ) Who developed the model for the Ecological Footprint? William Rees from Canada and Mathis Wackernagel from Switzerland established the model for the ecological footprint. 7. In the following questions, you will have a chance to consider your ecological footprint. (a) Calculate your personal ecological footprint using 2 different Ecological Footprint Calculators provided in the suggested website links (or from websites that you have found on your own). Calculated Value (ha / person) Website Used Ecological Footprint # 1 5. 9 ha http://www. footprintnetwork. org/en/index. php/GFN/page/calculators/ Ecological Footprint # 2 6. 3 ha http://wwf. panda. org/how_you_can_help/live_green/footprint_calculator/ (b) How do your personal ecological footprints compare? Comment on the similarity or differences in the footprints you calculated using different calculators. Suggest why they are similar or different. Both the sites I used to calculate my ecological footprints gave me two different ecological footprint results. This may have been because one quiz was more detailed and the other one was more of a straight forward/ common answer. (c) Suggest 3 ways that you could reduce your Ecological Footprint over the few months (before the end of this course). These should be simple realistic changes that you can make immediately (and try out during this term): (1) Using transit, carpooling, or subway, instead of driving everyday (2) Using energy efficient light bulbs (3) Taking shorter showers NOTE: Your assignment will be spot-marked (i. e. not every question will be marked). There will be a mark assigned for completing all of the questions in the assignment. If you are unable to complete all of the questions, submit what you have completed so you will get some marks for your work although you will receive â€Å"0† for the completion mark.

Peer Review Form Essay 1 Essays - Writing, Culture, Human Behavior

Peer Review Form: Essay 1 Name of Peer Reviewer: ___________________________________ Name of Paper Author: ___________________________________ Paper Title: ____________________________________ General Read your partner's paper once through without comment (pens down!). Summary Does the paper adequately (in a nonbiased manner) summarize the article being written about? Does the author clearly communicate the main point or thesis of the article? Which examples from the article are summarized, and which are not? Are these effective choices? Do you think that someone who has not read the article could read this summary and have a good idea what the article's author wants to get across? Critique Does the paper have a clear, arguable thesis that responds to the assignment? (The assignment asks the writer to "enter the conversation by deciding whether you think the article is effective or not (this should be your thesis!)"does the writer do this successfully? Does the paper include sufficient evidence to support the thesis? In other words, does the writer explain why he or she believes the article is effective or not? Does this support make sense to you? Why or why not? Organization/MLA Is the paper organized effectively? Do the ideas follow each other in a logical understandable way? Are there any places that are confusing? (If yes to this last question, specify where both in your answer and on the paper itself.) Does the paper give enough space to the summary and the critique (roughly 50% to each part)? If not, what does the writer need to do to fix this? Does the paper have a proper MLA header (name, professor's name, class, date in Times New Roman 12) on the top left hand side of the first page? If not, what needs fixing? Does the paper have a proper MLA header (last name and page number) on the top right of every page? If not, what needs fixing? Does the paper have a unique title centered on the first page (not "Essay 1," "Summary and Critique," or the title of the article itself)? If not, what needs fixing? Are quotes cited in MLA format with parentheses in the body of the essay (last name and page number)? If not, what needs fixing? Is there a works cited page, titled "Works Cited" in MLA format? Is the citation on the Works Cited page 100% correct in MLA format? If not, what needs fixing? Final Thoughts Write below one sentence you particularly liked and why you liked it. Write out below one sentence that you thought could have used improvement and why. Please write a brief note to the author with general feedback and some ideas for further revision. After reading through their essay, do you find their argument convincing?